Networking guide
Modem vs Router vs Switch: Home Network Basics
My first beginner networking walkthrough explains the job of the modem or gateway, router and switch, then lays the connections out on a table before putting them into the house.
The main takeaway
Understand each device's job before shopping. The basic path is easier to follow when you separate getting internet into the house, managing the home network and adding wired ports.
Best for
Beginners setting up or troubleshooting the home network.
Before you start
This adapts my original video and test. Check current specifications, firmware support and prices before buying older equipment.
Original video
2023-02-11
Focus
modem router switch home network
Article type
Practical guide
What helps
- Explains the equipment in plain language
- A physical mock setup shows the connections
- Covers both wired and wireless clients
What to know
- Provider equipment varies by service
- Not every home needs every separate box
- More ports don't create more upstream bandwidth
The modem or gateway brings the service in
The February 2023 guide starts with the equipment supplied for the incoming internet service. Cable, fiber and other services don't all use the same hardware. Some provider gateways combine several functions in one unit. Identify what you already have and what your provider supports before buying a replacement. A modem for one type of service isn't a generic requirement for every home network.
The router manages your home network
In my table-top example, the incoming connection feeds the router, which manages the home side and its addressing. A Wi-Fi router also provides wireless access, though those are distinct jobs. Phones and tablets join the network using the name and password you configure. If you're using another router behind a provider gateway, follow the supported arrangement for those devices rather than assuming every pair can be configured in the same way.
The switch adds wired connections
A router may have only a couple of available LAN ports. I showed adding an unmanaged switch on the LAN side so more fixed devices or room cables could connect. One port links it to the router and the others serve the devices. Select port speeds to suit the equipment and workload. The switch doesn't replace routing, create an internet subscription or make every connection faster simply by adding sockets.
Lay it out before hiding it in the cabinet
My mock setup makes the path visible: service equipment, router, switch and connected devices. Once that works, label the room cables and place the equipment where it has suitable support and ventilation. Test a wired client, then configure Wi-Fi and check the rooms you use. The later setup walkthrough covers organizing the actual cabinet; the placement and Ethernet-backhaul guides explain how to improve coverage after this foundation is working.
Technical references
More networking guides and reviews
How to Set Up a Home Network: My Beginner WalkthroughWhere to Put Your Wi-Fi Router for Better CoverageHow to Secure Your Home Network: 7 Practical StepsCommon questions
Where does a normal LAN switch go?
In the example, after the router on the home-network side, adding ports for clients and rooms.
Do I always need separate modem, router and Wi-Fi boxes?
No. Some devices combine functions, and the provider's service determines the access equipment.
Watch the full walkthrough